Before you do anything else, you might want to read a timeline of the most important events in the history of climate change science…

Science

SCIENCE

SCIENCE

The science clearly linking climate change to human activity has been confirmed repeatedly for over 50 years. To quote from NASA, “Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree that climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities.” 

During the same 50 years a fossil-fuel supported misinformation campaign has fought back, misleading the public and affecting the education of children and the legislation desperately needed. The IPCC (the United Nations) and the NCA (the US Federal Government) have issued report after report, often reporting that previous assessments had been too optimistic or that scientists had actually underestimated the pace and severity of the climate problem. 

Most of the leading scientific organizations throughout the world have issued public statements endorsing the position that climate change has been caused by human action.

In November, 2019, on the 40th anniversary of the world’s first climate conference, 11,000 scientists from 153 nations declared, in a Bioscience report, “clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency and that we must change how we live.” The scientists say the urgent changes needed include ending population growth, leaving fossil fuels in the ground, halting forest destruction, and slashing meat eating.

As you explore the different sections in SCIENCE, you will find that climate change has created a web of interconnected relationships that are compounding the consequences we face. 

Setting records for the number of storms and wildfires, the contiguous USA ranked fifth warmest during 2020, according to a report issued by the NCEI, published on January 8, 2021.

Looking for a searchable chronology of climate-change events dating from 1824  to the present? Look no further, thanks to the University of Maine’s Sharon Tisher.

CURRENT NEWS

A Paper That Says Science Should Be Impartial Was Rejected by Major Journals. You Can’t Make This Up.

By Pamela Paul 05/04/23
Is a gay Republican Latino more capable of conducting a physics experiment than a white progressive heterosexual woman? Would they come to different conclusions based on the same data because of their different backgrounds? For…
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A mystery in the Pacific is complicating climate projections

By Bob Henson 04/24/23
Nothing has a bigger influence on year-to-year variations in the global climate than the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, commonly called ENSO. And the tropical waters at the heart of ENSO aren’t behaving exactly as climate scientists…
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America’s Tornadoes Are Evolving, Fast

By Amanda Hoover 04/07/23
The US is experiencing devastation from a flurry of tornadoes. At least five people died Wednesday when a tornado tore through southeastern Missouri. It followed six in New Jersey and one in Delaware that killed…
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Truly ‘Uncharted Territory.’

By Bill McKibben 04/02/23
Sadly, Trump's arrest was not the biggest news story of the week. Last Thursday’s big news story was the indictment of Donald Trump, with banner headlines in all the papers that still print on paper.…
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Melting Antarctic ice predicted to cause rapid slowdown of deep ocean current by 2050

By Graham Readfearn 03/29/23
Melting ice around Antarctica will cause a rapid slowdown of a major global deep ocean current by 2050 that could alter the world’s climate for centuries and accelerate sea level rise, according to scientists behind…
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Abyssal ocean overturning slowdown and warming driven by Antarctic meltwater

By Qian Li, Matthew H. England and Others 03/29/23
The abyssal ocean circulation is a key component of the global meridional overturning circulation, cycling heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients throughout the world ocean. The strongest historical trend observed in the abyssal ocean is warming…
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TNR

Why Optimism Can’t Fix Our Climate Politics

By Kate Aronoff 03/24/23
The release of a new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change this week has provoked a new round of discussion about how best to talk about the dire crisis it describes. Climate scientist…
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New IPCC Report: ‘Rapidly Closing Window of Opportunity’ to Reverse Climate Change

By Molly Taft 03/21/23
We need to cut global greenhouse gas emissions by more than half over the next decade in order to stave off the worst impacts of climate change, says a blockbuster new report. The next few…
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Climate Change Is Speeding Toward Catastrophe. The Next Decade Is Crucial, U.N. Panel Says

By Brad Plumer 03/21/23
Earth is likely to cross a critical threshold for global warming within the next decade, and nations will need to make an immediate and drastic shift away from fossil fuels to prevent the planet from…
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Earth to hit critical warming threshold by early 2030s, climate panel says

By Brad Plumer 03/21/23
A new U.N. report says it is still possible to hold global warming to relatively safe levels, but doing so will require global cooperation, billions of dollars and big changes.
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The IPCC’s Latest Climate Report Is a Final Alarm for Food Systems, Too

By Lisa Held 03/20/23
The world’s top climate scientists are not pulling any punches in their latest assessment: The climate crisis is already affecting the world’s food supply and exacerbating hunger—and those impacts are going to get worse.
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The Guardian view on the IPCC warning: a last chance to save the planet | Editorial

03/20/23
The world is only a few tenths of a degree away from the globally accepted goal of limiting warming to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. On current trends, we will shoot past the target within a…
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KEY RESOURCES

Carbon Brief’s definitive guide to the entire IPCC sixth assessment cycle

03/24/23
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has now published the synthesis report of its sixth assessment report (AR6). This forms the final part of the sixth assessment cycle, which kicked off in 2015. The…

NOAA, Smithsonian and fed partners seeking suggestions to update key climate literacy guide

03/23/23
NOAA, as part of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), is requesting suggestions on structure, topics, and content to help update a key national climate literacy guide used by educators, policymakers, and scientists across…

Q&A: IPCC wraps up its most in-depth assessment of climate change

03/23/23
The final part of the world’s most comprehensive assessment of climate change – which details the “unequivocal” role of humans, its impacts on “every region” of the world and what must be done to solve…

AR6 Synthesis Report Climate Change 2023

03/20/23
This Synthesis Report (SYR) of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) summarises the state of knowledge of climate change, its widespread impacts and risks, and climate change mitigation and adaptation, based on the peer-reviewed scientific,…

Berkeley Earth

01/13/23
Berkeley Earth is the only source of reliable, independent, non-governmental, and unbiased scientific data and analysis of the highest quality.

Climate Change 2021The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers

08/02/22
This Summary for Policymakers (SPM) presents key findings of the Working Group I (WGI) contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)1

Climate Time Machine

06/16/22
This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum since 1979. At the end of each summer, the sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent, leaving what is called the perennial ice cover. The area…

Earth Observing Dashboard

06/08/22
Global environmental changes observed by NASA, ESA, and JAXA . Here you can browse the Earth Observation datasets and use the interactive features, including maps that compute simple analytics by drawing an area of interest.…

The Science of Climate Change Explained: Facts, Evidence and Proof

11/06/21
The science of climate change is more solid and widely agreed upon than you might think. But the scope of the topic, as well as rampant disinformation, can make it hard to separate fact from…

State of the Global Climate Observing System 2021

10/01/21
As the impacts of a warming climate become more evident, there is an ever-increasing demand for more detailed information on climate change, both to explain and project changes and to help planning and implementing adaptation…

Video: Global Warming from 1880 to 2020

07/06/21
Earth’s global average surface temperature in 2020 tied with 2016 as the warmest year on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Continuing the planet’s long-term warming trend, the year’s globally averaged temperature was 1.84…

Making climate impact science more accessible to the public: ISIpedia launch

06/18/21
Decision-makers on all levels are provided with a new tool to tackle the climate challenge. Data and explanations on global warming impacts – from floods to droughts - are made more accessible to the public…

How Scientists Are Using the International Space Station to Study Earth’s Climate

05/28/21
On Earth, we often look toward the sky, longing to know what resides in the rest of the universe. Meanwhile, 250 miles above our planet, the International Space Station is looking back.

Understanding Climate Change

02/26/21
JPL scientists study Earth’s changing climate, focusing on four broad themes: icy regions; the movement of water between sea, air, and land; greenhouse gas emissions and absorption; and our world’s ecosystems.

Climate at a glance

01/09/21
Look up monthly rankings for 1-12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60-month time periods using this tool from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Less than 2 °C warming by 2100 unlikely

10/02/20
Our model is not a ‘business as usual’ scenario, but rather is based on data which already show the effect of emission mitigation policies. Achieving the goal of less than 1.5 °C warming will require carbon…

Reduced dividends on natural capital?

08/14/20
Natural capital provides the world’s population with a variety of critical services. These include ecosystem services (providing goods such as food, fiber, fuel, water, and wood), regulating environmental conditions (by controlling pollution, protecting against natural…

NOAA’s Weather and Climate Toolkit

06/11/20
NOAA's Weather and Climate Toolkit (WCT) is free, platform independent software distributed from NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). The WCT allows the visualization and data export of weather and climate data, including Radar,…

Climate Impacts Group

06/11/20
The Climate Impacts Group provides a range of technical resources that can be used to help address climate impacts.

Climate Adaptation Science Centers

06/11/20
The CASCs develop data and tools that address the informational needs of natural and cultural resource managers.

Data Snapshots: Reusable Climate Maps

06/10/20
This visual catalog with convenient filtering options can help you find the climate data you need. How-to instructions can help you navigate data access tools.

THE WAR ON SCIENCE

04/25/20
Science is under siege. Anti-science groups and individuals seek to delegitimize, interfere with, and undermine facts and evidence that threaten their financial interests and ideological beliefs. Aggressive legal action, harassment, and even death threats are…

Greenhouse Gas Bulletin

01/16/20
The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2018

Climate Central

11/19/19
Extreme Weather Videos

A Look at 2018: Takeaway Points from the State of the Climate Supplement

12/30/19
A snapshot of salient events and trends affecting the global climate, the global oceans, the tropics, the Arctic, Antarctica, and regional climates.

Massachusetts raises 2050 waste reduction target, may expand organics ban

10/01/19
A new draft solid waste master plan from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) calls for a 30% reduction in annual disposal by 2030 and a 90% reduction by 2050. An estimated 5.7 million…

IPCC

01/31/19
The IPCC provides regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United…

World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency

11/11/19
Scientists have a moral obligation to clearly warn humanity of any catastrophic threat and to “tell it like it is.” On the basis of this obligation and the graphical indicators presented below, we declare, with…

Following are a series of videos, dating back to 1956, collected by Peter Sinclair.

CLIMATE DENIAL CROCK OF THE WEEK WITH PETER SINCLAIR

MORE NEWS

A clear message from science

By Somini Sengupta   03/20/23  
“There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a livable and sustainable future for all (very high confidence).” This is the most striking sentence in a 37-page summary, issued today, of the latest…
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Scientists deliver ‘final warning’ on climate crisis: act now or it’s too late

By Fiona Harvey   03/20/23  
Scientists have delivered a “final warning” on the climate crisis, as rising greenhouse gas emissions push the world to the brink of irrevocable damage that only swift and drastic action can avert.
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‘It can be done. It must be done’: IPCC delivers definitive report on climate change, and where to now

By Frank Jotzo and Mark Howden   03/20/23  
The world is in deep trouble on climate change, but if we really put our shoulder to the wheel we can turn things around. Loosely, that’s the essence of today’s report by the Intergovernmental Panel…
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IPCC report: Climate solutions exist, but humanity has to break from the status quo and embrace innovation

By Robert Lempert and Elisabeth Gilmore   03/20/23  
It’s easy to feel pessimistic when scientists around the world are warning that climate change has advanced so far, it’s now inevitable that societies will either transform themselves or be transformed. But as two of…
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UN report: Window for limiting global warming is closing

By Andrew Freedman   03/20/23  
A stark new U.N. climate change report warns that humanity stands at the precipice of a more dangerous world, but says it has the tools needed to pull back from the brink.
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World is on brink of catastrophic warming, U.N. climate change report says

By Sarah Kaplan   03/20/23  
The world is likely to pass a dangerous temperature threshold within the next 10 years, pushing the planet past the point of catastrophic warming — unless nations drastically transform their economies and immediately transition away…
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Summary report, 13–19 March 2023

03/19/23  
“Human activities, principally through emissions of greenhouse gases, have unequivocally caused global warming, with global surface temperature reaching 1.1°C above 1850-1900 in 2011-2020. Global greenhouse gas emissions have continued to increase, with unequal historical and…
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AP

Nations approve key UN science report on climate change

By Frank Jordans   03/19/23  
Governments gave their blessing on Sunday to a major new U.N. report on climate change, after approval was held up by a battle between rich and developing countries over emissions targets and financial aid to…
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The poignant music of melting ice: have a listen

By Grayson Haver Currin   03/16/23  
Scientists and musicians are recording the sounds of unfreezing water to document and predict the effects of climate change. Can their work help slow it, too?...
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NASA Awards Advance 3D Printing, Quantum Tech for Climate Research

03/16/23  
New technology is a key to helping NASA advance its long-term exploration goals for the benefit of all. To support its effort, the agency announced Thursday it will create two new institutes to develop technology…
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Climate change will impact everything everywhere all at once

By Christa Avampato   03/06/23  
Over the weekend, I read a disturbing article that quoted a potential presidential candidate who wrote, “We will keep fighting until we put a stop to ESG once and for all!”
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60 Scientists Call for Accelerated Research Into ‘Solar Radiation Management’ That Could Temporarily Mask Global Warming – Inside Climate News

By Bob Berwyn   02/27/23  
A scientific showdown over whether dispersing massive amounts of reflective particles high into the atmosphere could temporarily and safely mask global warming intensified this week, as a group of more than 60 researchers published a…
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A Basic Premise of Animal Conservation Looks Shakier Than Ever

By Emma Marris   02/22/23  
Sperm whales live in the remote open ocean. Or at least, that’s what scientists have long thought. The U.S. government’s 2010 recovery plan for sperm whales characterizes their range as “generally offshore.” A 2016 study…
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This Scientist Was Fired for Her Activism. She Says It’s Not Going to Stop Her

By Angely Mercado   01/26/23  
Last April, Tennessee-based soil scientist Rose Abramoff was arrested after chaining herself to a White House fence. She was one of about 1,000 scientists around the world who engaged in civil disobedience that week, organized…
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Department of Energy Announces $200 Million for Energy Earthshot Research Centers in support of the Energy Earthshots™

01/19/23  
Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced $200 million for Energy Earthshot Research Centers (EERCs). This funding, provided by the Office of Science, will support fundamental research to accelerate breakthroughs in support of the…
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A Look Back: 2022’s Temperature Record

01/12/23  
2022 effectively tied for Earth’s 5th warmest year since 1880, and the last 9 consecutive years have been the warmest 9 on record. NASA looks back at how heat was expressed in different ways around…
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The last 8 years were the hottest on record

By Henry Fountain and Mira Rojanasakul   01/10/23  
The world remained firmly in warming’s grip last year, with extreme summer temperatures in Europe, China and elsewhere contributing to 2022 being the fifth-hottest year on record, European climate researchers said on Tuesday.
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Assessing the U.S. climate in 2022

01/10/23  
For the year, temperatures were above average from the West Coast to the Gulf of Mexico and from Florida to New England and into the Great Lakes. Florida and Rhode Island ranked fifth warmest while…
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Half of glaciers will be gone by 2100 even under Paris 1.5C accord, study finds

By Phoebe Weston   01/05/23  
If global heating continues at current rate of 2.7C, losses will be greater with 68% of glaciers disappearingHalf the planet’s glaciers will have melted by 2100 even if humanity sticks to goals set out in…
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Fossil Fuel Funding Fudges Climate Research

By Olivia Rosane   12/29/22  
Finding positive, scientifically sound solutions to the climate crisis is an urgent matter, so it should be encouraging to know that some of the world’s most prestigious research institutions are working on the problem. But…
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Fossil Fuel Funding Fudges Climate Research

By Olivia Rosane   12/29/22  
Finding positive, scientifically sound solutions to the climate crisis is an urgent matter, so it should be encouraging to know that some of the world’s most prestigious research institutions are working on the problem. But…
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Scientists say Arctic warming could be to blame for blasts of extreme cold

By Scott Dance   12/23/22  
Research suggests that climate change is altering the jet stream, pushing frigid air down to southern climes more frequently. But the scientific jury is still out.
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NSF advances sustainable materials solutions and capabilities

12/19/22  
The U.S. National Science Foundation is accelerating convergence research across materials discovery and development as well as production and manufacturing to address challenges aligned to the manufacturing, reuse and recycling of critical materials and products.
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The inconvenient truth of global warming in the 21st century

By Ethan Siegel   12/10/22  
Based on data since 2000 alone, global warming is still occurring at a whopping 7-sigma significance. How hot will planet Earth get?
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Newly-launched JPSS-2 satellite to help forecast climate change, track extreme weather

By Heather Brinkmann   11/10/22  
A new satellite made to help forecasters better predict extreme weather and monitor climate change is headed to space. The Joint Polar Satellite System-2 (JPSS-2) launched aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket…
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Failure to slow warming will set off climate ‘tipping points’

By Henry Fountain   09/08/22  
As global warming passes certain limits, dire changes will probably become irreversible, the researchers said, including the loss of polar ice sheets and the death of coral reefs.
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Heat, Water, Fire: How Climate Change Is Transforming the Pacific Crest Trail

By Rowan Moore Gerety   08/31/22  
In the desert near Agua Dulce, north of Los Angeles, hikers along the Pacific Crest Trail who reached mile marker 502 encountered a cistern of water that smelled bad and tasted worse, with a dead…
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White House climate official sanctioned by prestigious science body

By Maxine Joselow   08/16/22  
The nation’s most prestigious scientific body said Tuesday that it has barred a key White House official focused on climate change, Jane Lubchenco, from participating in its publications and activities for five years.
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Jet Stream Stokes Both Deadly Midwest Flooding and Northwest Heat

By Brian K Sullivan   07/28/22  
Deadly floods are slamming the US Heartland. More than 2,000 miles away, dangerous heat is scorching the Pacific Northwest. The same phenomenon is to blame for both. A massive bend in the jet stream --…
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Climate Policy in a Republican World

By Joel Stronberg   06/16/22  
In recent days Republicans in the US House of Representatives released the first of what will be a six-part policy platform on energy, climate, and conservation. The strategy was the work of the Energy, Climate,…
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NASA’s ECOSTRESS Sees Las Vegas Streets Turn Up the Heat

By Carol Rasmussen   06/15/22  
On June 10, Las Vegas reached a record daily high temperature of 109 degrees Fahrenheit (43 degrees Celsius), and temperatures of the ground surface itself were higher still. NASA’s Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on…
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A scientist explains why global warming can continue after emissions end

By Julien Emile-Geay   06/09/22  
By now, few people question the reality that humans are altering Earth’s climate. The real question is: How quickly can we halt, even reverse, the damage? Part of the answer to this question lies in…
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A new tool from Google shows how the planet is changing in near real time

By Adele Peters   06/09/22  
The planet changes quickly: More than half a million acres are burning in New Mexico. A megadrought is shrinking Lake Mead. The Alps are turning from white to green. Development continues to expand, from cities…
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How a little-known center in Woods Hole became a hub for climate research and policy.

By Sam Moore   06/07/22  
That man is George Woodwell, and since 1985, the center he founded has been deeply involved in climate research and policy at home and abroad. Today, it employs nearly 100 scientists and staff, whose work…
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We cannot adapt our way out of climate crisis, warns leading scientist

By Fiona Harvey   06/01/22  
The world cannot adapt its way out of the climate crisis, and counting on adaptation to limit damage is no substitute for urgently cutting greenhouse gases, a leading climate scientist has warned.
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The climate scientists are not alright

By Casey Quackenbush   05/20/22  
Frustration, rage, terror, desperation: After decades of being ignored, scientists are resorting to more radical action to communicate the dire urgency of the climate crisis.
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Earth could soon briefly hit threatening climate threshold

By Kasha Patel   05/10/22  
Since signing the Paris climate agreement in 2015, nations around the world have focused on one climate goal: limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above preindustrial levels this century. But as…
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Scientists in Antarctica discover a vast, salty groundwater system under the ice sheet – with implications for sea level rise

By Matthew Siegfries & Others   05/05/22  
A new discovery deep beneath one of Antarctica’s rivers of ice could change scientists’ understanding of how the ice flows, with important implications for estimating future sea level rise.
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April sets record for highest CO2 levels in human history

By Andrew Freedman   05/04/22  
Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached the highest levels on record for any calendar month during April, averaging 420 parts per million (ppm) for the first time since observations began in 1958, according…
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Over 1,000 scientists from around the world take to the streets

By Alejandra O'Connell-Domenech   04/15/22  
The protest came after a report from the UN stated humanity only has three more years to curb greenhouse gas emissions and avoid climate-related disasters...
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‘It’s Not Political to Tell the Truth’: Scientists Arrested Over Climate Protests

By Angely Mercado   04/15/22  
Soil scientist Rose Abramoff has long tried to be “apolitical,” she says, in her efforts to educate people about climate change: She’s supported efforts at non-profits and fact-checked materials for organizations, for example, alongside writing…
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Climate scientist on hunger strike ‘after being refused bail’

By Samuel Webb   04/14/22  
A scientist who was arrested during a climate change protest is on hunger strike after being denied bail, it has been claimed. Activist group Extinction Rebellion claims Emma Smart, an ecologist, was detained on Thursday…
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Polar science threatens to crack under strain of Russia’s war in Ukraine

By Alison Snyder and Andrew Freedman   04/07/22  
Crucial scientific projects in the Arctic are in limbo — and their progress is under threat — as Russia becomes more isolated from the world for its invasion of Ukraine. Why it matters: These research…
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U.N. report outlines possible solutions for climate change and its societal impact

By Evan Bush   04/05/22  
From wildfires to sea level rise and heat waves, climate change is having a dramatic impact on the environment and people’s health and well-being. So what can the world do about it? That’s the focus…
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UN warns Earth ‘firmly on track toward an unlivable world’

By Frank Jordans and Seth Borenstein   04/05/22  
Temperatures on Earth will shoot past a key danger point unless greenhouse gas emissions fall faster than countries have committed, the world’s top body of climate scientists said Monday, warning of the consequences of inaction…
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The world is running out of options to hit climate goals, U.N. report shows

By Sarah Kaplan and Brady Dennis   04/04/22  
With the world on track to blaze past its climate goals, only immediate, sweeping societal transformation can stave off catastrophic warming. The world is on track to blaze past a crucial climate target within eight…
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Renewables Are Key to Cutting Emissions Over Next Decade, U.N. Panel Says

By Nidhi Subbaraman   04/04/22  
Countries must make major, rapid shifts away from fossil fuels and to renewable energy to meet the goals in the 2015 Paris agreement, climate experts tapped by the United Nations said in a report...
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‘It’s now or never’: UN climate report shows globe is on ‘track toward an unlivable world’

By Doyle Rice and Dinah Voyles Pulver   04/04/22  
The time for talk has passed and the time to act is now, according to a new United Nations report on how to curb the worst consequences of climate change. Rapid mitigation measures – reductions…
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Climate action is a ‘now or never’ situation, IPCC warns

By Sara Kiley Watson   04/04/22  
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the third chapter of the Sixth Assessment Report covering climate mitigation. And its findings are grim. United Nations secretary general António Guterres called it a “litany of…
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PBS

We have the tools to save the planet from climate change. Politics is getting in the way, new IPCC report says

By Isabella Isaacs-Thomas   04/04/22  
We have the knowledge, money, technology and affordable clean energy that we need to cut our carbon emissions in half by 2030. That’s the good news from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Working Group…
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