Bills & Resolutions

BILLS & RESOLUTIONS

BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

FORMS OF CONGRESSIONAL ACTION

The work of Congress is initiated by the introduction of a proposal in one of four principal forms: the bill, the joint resolution, the concurrent resolution, and the simple resolution.

BILLS

A bill is the form used for most legislation, whether permanent or temporary, general or special, public or private. A bill originating in the House of Representatives is designated by the letters “H.R.”, signifying “House of Representatives”, followed by a number that it retains throughout all its parliamentary stages. Bills are presented to the President for action when approved in identical form by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

JOINT RESOLUTIONS

Joint resolutions may originate either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. There is little practical difference between a bill and a joint resolution. Both are subject to the same procedure, except for a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution. On approval of such a resolution by two-thirds of both the House and Senate, it is sent directly to the Administrator of General Services for submission to the individual states for ratification. It is not presented to the President for approval. A joint resolution originating in the House of Representatives is designated “H.J.Res.” followed by its individual number. Joint resolutions become law in the same manner as bills.

CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS

Matters affecting the operations of both the House of Representatives and Senate are usually initiated by means of concurrent resolutions. A concurrent resolution originating in the House of Representatives is designated “H.Con.Res.” followed by its individual number. On approval by both the House of Representatives and Senate, they are signed by the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate. They are not presented to the President for action.

SIMPLE RESOLUTIONS

A matter concerning the operation of either the House of Representatives or Senate alone is initiated by a simple resolution. A resolution affecting the House of Representatives is designated “H.Res.” followed by its number. They are not presented to the President for action.

For more information on bills and resolutions see Forms of Congressional Action

UPDATE

On January 7, 2025, The Polluters Pay Climate Fund Act bill was introduced in both the Senate and the House but has not progressed beyond introduction.

Trump’s budget, passed early in July and signed by the President, gutted many of the IRA provisions. Much more detail on the Budget page.

Open

House

SENATE

Bills covering multiple subjects will have no icon.

Polluters Pay Climate Fund Act of 2024

Sponsored by Sen. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD]   09/12/24  
To impose an assessment related to fossil fuel emissions, to establish the Polluters Pay Climate Fund, and for other purposes...

Climate Adaptation Plan Act

Sponsored by Rep. Escobar, Veronica [D-TX-16]   08/15/23  
This bill requires the Environmental Protection Agency to award competitive grants to Indian tribes or localities for developing climate adaptation plans (i.e., a framework for measuring, tracking, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and for adopting…

Green Climate Fund Authorization Act of 2023

Sponsored by Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13]   06/09/23  
This bill authorizes $4 billion in both FY2024 and FY2025 for U.S. contributions to the Green Climate Fund (a fund established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to finance projects that address…

Earth Act to Stop Climate Pollution by 2030

Sponsored by Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13]   02/23/23  
This bill addresses climate change by establishing requirements concerning renewable energy, zero emission vehicles, regenerative agriculture, and tax incentives related to climate transition costs. Specifically, the bill requires that by 2030, 100% of electricity sold…

Lamb bill to research abandoned oil and gas wells advances out of committee

02/11/22  
Regions of the U.S. are pockmarked with long-abandoned oil and gas wells, some emitting potentially hazardous pollutants, and a proposal by a Western Pennsylvania lawmaker to further fund the massive undertaking of locating the relics…

Break Free From Plastic Pollution Act, March 25, 2021

Sponsored by Sen. Udall, Tom [D-NM]   03/25/21  
To amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act to reduce the production and use of certain single-use plastic products and packaging, to improve the responsibility of producers in the design, collection, reuse, recycling, and disposal of…

Break Free From Plastic Pollution Act of 2020

Sponsored by Rep. Lowenthal, Alan S. [D-CA-47]   03/22/21  
The bill makes certain producers of products (e.g., packaging, paper, single-use products, beverage containers, or food service products) fiscally responsible for collecting, managing, and recycling or composting the products after consumer use. In addition, the…

Environmental Justice for All Act

02/27/20  
To restore, reaffirm, and reconcile environmental justice and civil rights, provide for the establishment of the Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice Compliance and Enforcement, and for other pur- poses.

National Climate Emergency

02/09/21  
To require the President to declare a national climate emergency under the National Emergencies Act, and for other purposes.  

American Energy Innovation Act (AEIA)

Sponsored by Lisa Murkowski and Joe Manchin   03/05/20  
To support innovation in advanced geothermal research and development, and for other purposes.

SUMMARY: American Energy Innovation Act-Modern Policy for Modern Energy

03/04/20  
American Energy Innovation Act (AEIA), is a compilation of more than 50 energy-related measures considered and individually reported by the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee (ENR) last year.

To address the impact of climate change on agriculture, and for other purposes

03/05/20  
Referred to the Committee on Agriculture, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, Education and Labor, Energy and Commerce, Oversight and Reform, and House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined…

Protecting America’s Wilderness Act

10/22/20  
This bill designates wilderness areas, potential wilderness areas, recreation areas, scenic areas, trails, and wild and scenic rivers in Colorado, California, and Washington, among other things.

Clean Economy Act of 2020

02/11/20  
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the United States that puts the United States on a pathway to achieve net-zero emissions by not later than 2050.

Break Free From Plastic Pollution Act of 2020

02/11/20  
This bill sets forth requirements related to waste and recycling collection systems for a variety of products and materials, including plastics. The bill makes certain producers of products (e.g., packaging, paper, single-use products, beverage containers,…

Climate Stewardship Act of 2019

03/05/20  
To provide incentives for agricultural producers to carry out climate steward-ship practices, to provide for increased reforestation across the United States, to establish the Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant Program, and for other purposes.

Save Our Seas 2.0 Act

02/06/20  
To improve efforts to combat marine debris, and for other purposes.

Congressional Action Plan for a Clean Energy Economy and a Healthy, Resilient and Just America

03/28/19  
This bill establishes the National Parks and Public Land Legacy Restoration Fund to support deferred maintenance projects on federal lands.

Fracking Ban Act

Sponsored by Sen. Sanders, Bernard [I-VT]   02/06/20  
To ban the practice of hydraulic fracturing, and for other purposes.

The Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s Future Act (CLEAN Act)

Bill draft   07/23/19  
To build a clean and prosperous future by addressing the climate crisis, protecting the health and welfare of all Americans, and putting the Nation on the path to a net-zero greenhouse gas economy by 2050,…

Summary: The Clean Future Act

Committee on Energy & Commerce   02/26/19  
Summary: The Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act is a comprehensive proposal of sector-specific and economy-wide solutions to address the climate crisis. Critically, the CLEAN Future Act formally adopts the…

The Growing Climate Solutions Act of 2020

06/26/20  
To authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to develop a program to reduce barriers to entry for farmers, ranchers, and private forest landowners in certain private markets, and for other purposes.

Summary: The Growing Climate Solutions Act of 2020

03/06/20  
Agricultural practices and land management decisions play a key role in the discussion surrounding global greenhouse emissions and climate policy. The agriculture and forestry sectors hold the potential to serve as a critical climate solution.…